2026-06-18T07:37:19Zhttp://doidb.wdc-terra.org/oaip/oai

oai:doidb.wdc-terra.org:86792026-06-10T10:33:01ZDOIDBDOIDB.ISG

false4DOIDB.ISG 10.5880/isg.2022.003 Omang, Ove Christian Dahl Ove Christian Dahl Omang 0000-0002-0291-7950 Norwegian Mapping Authority, Hønefoss, Norway Dimeski, Sasho Sasho Dimeski Agency for Real Estate Cadastre, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia GFZ Data Services 2022 Geodesy Geoid model ISG Fast Fourier transform North Macedonia Science Keywords > EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEODETICS > GEOID CHARACTERISTICS Science Keywords > EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD > GRAVITY Reguzzoni, Mirko Mirko Reguzzoni 0000-0002-4027-9347 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Carrion, Daniela Daniela Carrion 0000-0003-1262-9394 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Rossi, Lorenzo Lorenzo Rossi 0000-0001-6050-1972 International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Dimeski, Sasho Agency for Real Estate Cadastre, Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia ISG Staff International Service for the Geoid (ISG), Politecnico di Milano, Italy Dataset https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/Geoid/Europe/Macedonia/Quasi-geoid%20for%20North%20Macedonia.pdf https://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/Geoid/Europe/Macedonia/Height%20Reference%20Surface_North%20Macedonia.PDF 10.1007/s001900000107 10.5194/essd-13-1653-2021 http://www.isgeoid.polimi.it/ 10.1029/2011JB008916 1.0 CC BY 4.0 The MK_HREF2022 quasi-geoid model is a height reference surface for North Macedonia, referred to the GRS80 ellipsoid. It was computed by the Agency for Real Estate Cadastre of the Republic of North Macedonia, in cooperation with the Norwegian Mapping Authority (Kartverket), and it is given in the form of a regular grid, with resolution of 0.01° × 0.01°, within the limits of 40.8° < latitude < 42.4° and 20.4° < longitude < 23.1°. The model is based on a set of relatively new gravity data measured in 2014 (along the high accuracy levelling lines and in the frame of the regional gravimetric survey), in total 2470 points in mean-tide system. Stokes/Molodensky equations and the Fast Fourier transform technique were applied in the calculations, with use of the global geopotential model EGM2008. The computed quasi-geoid surface was fitted to 77 high quality GNSS/levelling points, fairly distributed throughout the territory of the country. The resulting height reference surface allows the conversion between ellipsoidal heights (ETRS89, epoch 1989.0) and heights in the official national height system (NVT1, datum Trieste 1875.0, normal orthometric heights). The inner accuracy of the calculated quasi-geoid model is 4.0 cm, while the outer accuracy (based on 1035 control GNSS/levelling measurements along levelling lines) is up to 10 cm. MK_HREF2022 is the official quasi-geoid model for North Macedonia since November 28, 2025.

The geoid model is provided in ISG format 2.0 (ISG Format Specifications), while the file in its original data format is available at the model ISG webpage.
The International Service for the Geoid (ISG) was founded in 1992 (as International Geoid Service - IGeS) and it is now an official service of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), under the umbrella of the International Gravity Field Service (IGFS). The main activities of ISG consist in collecting, analysing and redistributing local and regional geoid models, as well as organizing international schools on the geoid determination (Reguzzoni et al., 2021).
Hybrid quasi-geoid model MK_HREF2022 20.4 23.1 40.8 42.4