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   <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5880/fidgeo.2026.045</identifier>
   <creators>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Dolich, Alexander</creatorName>
         <givenName>Alexander</givenName>
         <familyName>Dolich</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0000-0003-4160-6765</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Acuna Espinoza, Eduardo</creatorName>
         <givenName>Eduardo</givenName>
         <familyName>Acuna Espinoza</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0000-0001-5218-9800</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Ehret, Uwe</creatorName>
         <givenName>Uwe</givenName>
         <familyName>Ehret</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0000-0003-3454-8755</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Kraft, Michael</creatorName>
         <givenName>Michael</givenName>
         <familyName>Kraft</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0009-0000-4870-155X</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>State Office for the Environment Rhineland-Palatinate, Mainz, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Bondy, Jan</creatorName>
         <givenName>Jan</givenName>
         <familyName>Bondy</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0009-0008-2363-0941</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>Deutscher Wetterdienst, Offenbach, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Meuer, Johannes</creatorName>
         <givenName>Johannes</givenName>
         <familyName>Meuer</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0009-0000-1998-6699</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>German Climate Computing Centre, Hamburg, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Loritz, Ralf</creatorName>
         <givenName>Ralf</givenName>
         <familyName>Loritz</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID">0000-0002-0540-6478</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
   </creators>
   <titles>
      <title>CAMELS-DE-1h: hourly hydro-meteorological time series, weather forecasts, and attributes for 1611 catchments in Germany</title>
   </titles>
   <publisher>GFZ Data Services</publisher>
   <publicationYear>2026</publicationYear>
   <subjects>
      <subject>CAMELS</subject>
      <subject>Rainfall-Runoff Modelling</subject>
      <subject>LSTM</subject>
      <subject>HBV</subject>
      <subject>ICON-D2</subject>
      <subject>Catchment Hydrology</subject>
      <subject>Large-Sample Hydrology</subject>
      <subject>Benchmark Dataset</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="GCMD Instruments">In Situ/Laboratory Instruments &gt; Gauges &gt; WATER LEVEL GAUGES</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="GCMD Platforms">Platforms &gt; Land-based Platforms &gt; Permanent Land Sites &gt; STREAMFLOW STATION</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE &gt; SURFACE PRESSURE</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION &gt; SHORTWAVE RADIATION &gt; DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE &gt; SURFACE TEMPERATURE</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR &gt; WATER VAPOR INDICATORS &gt; HUMIDITY &gt; RELATIVE HUMIDITY</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS &gt; SURFACE WINDS &gt; WIND DIRECTION</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS &gt; SURFACE WINDS &gt; WIND SPEED</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; CLOUDS &gt; CLOUD PROPERTIES &gt; CLOUD FREQUENCY</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; PRECIPITATION &gt; PRECIPITATION AMOUNT &gt; HOURLY PRECIPITATION AMOUNT</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; ATMOSPHERE &gt; WEATHER EVENTS &gt; WEATHER/CLIMATE ADVISORIES &gt; Weather Forecast</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE &gt; SURFACE WATER &gt; SURFACE WATER PROCESSES/MEASUREMENTS</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE &gt; TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE &gt; SURFACE WATER &gt; SURFACE WATER PROCESSES/MEASUREMENTS &gt; DISCHARGE/FLOW</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES &gt; MACHINE LEARNING TRAINING DATA</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">Science Keywords &gt; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES &gt; MODELS &gt; MACHINE LEARNING MODELS &gt; DEEP LEARNING</subject>
   </subjects>
   <contributors>
      <contributor contributorType="ContactPerson">
         <contributorName>Dolich, Alexander</contributorName>
         <affiliation>Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany</affiliation>
      </contributor>
   </contributors>
   <dates>
      <date dateType="Created">2026-04-09</date>
   </dates>
   <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">Dataset</resourceType>
   <relatedIdentifiers>
      <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="Cites">10.5194/essd-16-5625-2024</relatedIdentifier>
   </relatedIdentifiers>
   <sizes/>
   <formats/>
   <rightsList>
      <rights rightsURI="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</rights>
   </rightsList>
   <descriptions>
      <description descriptionType="Abstract">CAMELS-DE-1h provides a comprehensive and harmonized collection of hydro-meteorological data for 1611 catchments across Germany. The time series data cover the period from 2001 to 2024 and provide measurements of discharge, water level, and meteorological variables in hourly resolution for all catchments. The metorological variables are aggregated to the catchment areas from the gridded data sources RADKLIM-YW and HOSTRADA (DWD) and encompass the variables precipitation, air temperature, humidity, water vapor mixing ratio, global radiation, air pressure, cloud cover, dew point temperature, wind speed, and wind direction.   <br/>
In addition, deterministic and ensemble weather forecasts with a 48-hour lead time, readily processed for all catchments from the ICON-D2 model (DWD), are included for the period 2021 to 2024. The dataset also provides static catchment attributes encompassing topography, soils, land cover, hydrogeology, and human influences. Furthermore, to serve as a baseline for further model development, the dataset includes discharge simulation results from a regionally trained LSTM and a catchment-calibrated HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) conceptual model.   <br/>
A comprehensive description of the dataset can be found in the accompanying data description paper.   <br/>
         <br/>
Key features of CAMELS-DE-1h:   <br/>
    1. Hydro-meteorological time series data in hourly resolution (2001–2024)   <br/>
    2. Historical deterministic and ensemble weather forecasts from ICON-D2 with a 48-hour lead time (2021–2024)   <br/>
    3. Catchment attributes   <br/>
    4. Benchmark discharge simulation results from an LSTM and the HBV model   <br/>
      </description>
   </descriptions>
   <geoLocations>
      <geoLocation>
         <geoLocationPlace>1611 catchments across Germany, hourly hydro-meteorological time series data covering the period 2001 - 2024, all timestamps are in UTC+0.</geoLocationPlace>
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            <westBoundLongitude>6.00125</westBoundLongitude>
            <eastBoundLongitude>15.0087</eastBoundLongitude>
            <southBoundLatitude>47.1512</southBoundLatitude>
            <northBoundLatitude>54.6987</northBoundLatitude>
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   </geoLocations>
   <fundingReferences>
      <fundingReference>
         <funderName>Federal Ministry of Research, Technology and Space (BMFTR)</funderName>
         <awardNumber>16IS24088A</awardNumber>
      </fundingReference>
      <fundingReference>
         <funderName>VolkswagenStiftung</funderName>
      </fundingReference>
   </fundingReferences>
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