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false4DOIDB.GFZ 10.5880/GFZ.4.6.2021.004 Andermann, Christoff Christoff Andermann 0000-0003-0921-8455 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Hassenruck-Gudipati, Hima Hima Hassenruck-Gudipati 0000-0003-3885-7387 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, US Menges, Johanna Johanna Menges 0000-0001-7223-4787 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Brunello, Camilla Francesca Camilla Francesca Brunello 0000-0002-4206-5852 AWI Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Meyer, Hanno Hanno Meyer 0000-0003-4129-4706 AWI Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany Rach, Oliver Oliver Rach GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Pyari Baidya , Krishna Krishna Pyari Baidya DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu, Nepal Sachse, Dirk Dirk Sachse 0000-0003-4207-0309 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany GFZ Data Services 2021 rainfall isotopes Precipitation Nepal Himalayas perturbations Kali Gandaki River time series groundwater monsoon pre-monsoon river isotopes climate > climate type > continental climate > mountain climate EARTH SCIENCE > ATMOSPHERE > PRECIPITATION > RAIN EARTH SCIENCE > CLIMATE INDICATORS > PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS > OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPES EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > FLUVIAL LANDFORMS > STREAM EARTH SCIENCE > TERRESTRIAL HYDROSPHERE > WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY > STABLE ISOTOPES hydrosphere > hydrologic cycle > hydrologic balance > runoff > drainage > drainage system > natural drainage system hydrosphere > water body > aquifer land > natural area > terrestrial area > mountainous area > mountain > high mountain land > world > Asia > Southern Asia science > natural science > water science > hydrology Andermann, Christoff Christoff Andermann 0000-0003-0921-8455 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Andermann, Christoff Christoff Andermann 0000-0003-0921-8455 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Hassenruck-Gudipati, Hima Hima Hassenruck-Gudipati 0000-0003-3885-7387 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, US Hassenruck-Gudipati, Hima Hima Hassenruck-Gudipati 0000-0003-3885-7387 University of Texas at Austin, Austin, US Menges, Johanna Johanna Menges 0000-0001-7223-4787 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Brunello, Camilla Francesca Camilla Francesca Brunello 0000-0002-4206-5852 AWI Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany Meyer, Hanno Hanno Meyer 0000-0003-4129-4706 AWI Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Potsdam, Germany Rach, Oliver Oliver Rach GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Pyari Baidya , Krishna Krishna Pyari Baidya DHM Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Kathmandu, Nepal Sachse, Dirk Dirk Sachse 0000-0003-4207-0309 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Griessinger, Jussi Jussi Griessinger 0000-0001-6103-2071 Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany Lupker , Maarten Maarten Lupker 0000-0001-7609-6246 ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland Adhikari, Basanta Raj Basanta Raj Adhikari 0000-0001-8156-0875 Tribhuvan University Institute of Engineering Department of Civil Engineering: Lalitpur, NP Gautam, Pratikshya Pratikshya Gautam Sitaula, Bhairab Bhairab Sitaula Apex Stieglitz, Thomas Thomas Stieglitz 0000-0002-2946-391X CEREGE Aix-en-Provence, France Cook, Kristen Kristen Cook 0000-0003-2355-4877 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Korup, Oliver Oliver Korup 0000-0002-9084-1895 University Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany Andermann, Christoff GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany 2013-06-10/2018-10-31 Dataset 10.1016/j.epsl.2019.04.030 10.1029/2022AV000735 10.1029/2021AV000398 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2012.04.041 10.1080/10256010008032939 CC BY 4.0 This dataset was collected during field-based monitoring in the Kali Gandaki River catchment be-tween the years 2013 and 2017. The monitoring aims to understand the hydrological fluxes and feedback with weathering and erosion processes across the mountain range. The Kali Gandaki River sources its water in the North and traverses through the Himalayan Mountain Range, along a north-south transect. The field-based monitoring comprises targeted field campaigns to revisit locations at different years and seasons in order to constrain the annual and intra-annual variability.

This is complemented by permanent installations and routine river and rain sampling at two loca-tions, Lete and Purtighat. Lete is situated at the orographic barrier, at ~2500 m asl. and the up-stream catchment integrates the northern part of the Himalayan Range as well as some of the southern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Purtighat is located further south and integrates the north-ern part as well as south-facing flanks of the Higher and Lower Himalayas. At both locations, auto-mated river monitoring is installed as well as a trained station ward for daily routine sampling. At Lete, rainfall samples are obtained on a daily resolution during the monsoon. This sampling was not feasible at Purtighat for logistic reasons. Instead, rain was sampled daily in Kathmandu.

This dataset contains five tables of stable water isotope analysis. One containing grab samples from the Kali Gandaki river in its vicinities and 4 tables with time series sampling from the Kali Gandaki River and from rainfall.
Grab sampling: Grab samples were obtained from all hydrological compartments (spring, river, tributary, snow, ice, and rain) in the Kali Gandaki catchment and its surroundings. The samples were taken during repeated field campaigns covering all seasons during the years 2013 to 2016. Samples were filtered in the field and stored 30ml Nalgene bottles. Snow and ice samples were melted at ambient temperatures before filtering and storing.

Stable water isotope time series of rainfall: Samples were collected by a local, trained station ward, during rainfall periods 2016 and 2017. Samples were recuperated always between 8 and 9 o’clock local time (GMT+5:45) if sufficient rainwater was accumulated. At both locations Lete and Kathmandu we used Palmex Rain Sampler RS1 (Gröning et al., 2012). The following isotope ratios, expressed as δ values with VSMOW as a standard, were measured: δ18O and δ2H.

Stable water isotope time series of river water: Samples were collected by a local, trained station ward, between the 10th of June 2015 and October 2018 daily during the monsoon (June to Septem-ber) and bi-weekly (October to May) during the dry season. Sampling time was always between 8 and 9 o’clock local time (GMT+5:45). Samples were typically analyzed for stable water isotopic com-position with weekly resolution. The following isotope ratios, expressed as δ values with VSMOW as a standard, were measured: δ18O and δ2H.

River time series samples in Purtighat were first obtained at Mirmi Hydropower Intake, upstream of the confluence with Andhi Khola from a suspension bridge in the middle of the river. The sampling location was later moved upstream to Purthighat village, roughly 10km upstream with no major tributary in between.

83.1046 84.9833 27.4126 29.4126 Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001656 PD-039 Helmholtz PostDoc GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences PD-039 HART 2015