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false4DOIDB.GFZ 10.5880/GFZ.3.3.2021.001 von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm Friedhelm von Blanckenburg 0000-0002-2964-717X GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Earth Surface Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Berlin, Germany Schuessler, Jan A. Jan A. Schuessler 0000-0003-0329-8028 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Earth Surface Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany Thermo Fisher Scientific, Hanna-Kunath-Str. 11, 28199 Bremen, Germany Bouchez, Julien Julien Bouchez 0000-0003-4832-1615 Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, 1 rue Jussieu, 75238 Paris 05, France Frings, Patrick Patrick Frings 0000-0002-1012-0642 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Uhlig, David David Uhlig 0000-0003-1996-4419 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-3) Agrosphere, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany Oelze, Marcus Marcus Oelze 0000-0002-3950-6629 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Inorganic and Isotope Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany Frick, Daniel A. Daniel A. Frick 0000-0002-8530-3064 GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany Hewawasam, Tilak Tilak Hewawasam 0000-0001-7927-9283 Department of Geography, Center for Environmental Studies (CES), University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Dixon, Jeannie Jeannie Dixon 0000-0002-7763-4939 Department of Earth Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA Norton, Kevin Kevin Norton 0000-0002-7995-6464 School of Geography, Environment and Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand GFZ Data Services 2021 river water vegetation vegetation chemical composition EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS > RIVERS/STREAM HABITAT EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS > ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS > NUTRIENT CYCLING EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS > FORESTS EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > NUTRIENTS EARTH SCIENCE > BIOSPHERE > VEGETATION > PHOSPHORUS EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > EROSION EARTH SCIENCE > LAND SURFACE > EROSION/SEDIMENTATION > WEATHERING EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES > CHEMICAL WEATHERING EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES > DECOMPOSITION EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES > MINERAL DISSOLUTION EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > CHEMICAL CONCENTRATIONS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPE RATIOS EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOCHEMISTRY > GEOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES > ISOTOPES EARTH SCIENCE > SOLID EARTH > GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES > FLUVIAL PROCESSES > WEATHERING von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Earth Surface Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany HELGES – Helmholtz-Laboratory for the Geochemistry of the Earth Surface (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Germany) GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany von Blanckenburg, Friedhelm GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Earth Surface Geochemistry, Potsdam, Germany Dataset 10.2475/08.2021.01 10.2475/08.2021.04 10.2475/08.2021.02 10.2475/08.2021.03 10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.08.024 10.5194/bg-14-3111-2017 GFFB10003 GFFB10004 GFFB10007 GFFB10009 GFFB1000A GFFB1000B GFFB1000D GFFB1000E GFFB1000F GFFB1000G GFFB1000H GFFB1000J GFFB1000U GFFB1000V GFFB1000W GFFB1000X GFFB1000Y GFFB1000Z GFFB10010 GFFB10011 GFFB10012 GFFB10013 GFFB10014 GFFB10015 GFFB10016 GFFB10017 GFFB10018 GFFB10019 GFFB1001A GFFB1001B GFFB1001C GFFB1001D GFFB1001E GFFB1001N GFFB1001P GFFB1001Q GFFB1001R GFFB1001S GFFB1001T GFFB1001W GFFB1001X GFFB1001Y GFFB1001Z GFFB10020 GFFB10021 GFFB10022 GFFB10023 GFFB10024 GFFB10025 GFFB10026 GFFB10027 GFFB1002G GFFB1002H GFFB1002J GFFB1002K GFFB1002K GFFB1002K GFFB1002L GFFB1002M GFFB1002N GFFB1002P GFFB1002Q GFFB1002R GFFB1002S GFFB1002T GFFB1002U GFFB1002V GFFB1002W GFFB1002X GFFB1002Y GFFB1002Z GFFB10030 GFFB10031 GFFB10032 GFFB10033 GFFB10034 GFFB10035 GFFB10036 GFFB10037 GFFB10038 GFFB10039 GFFB1003A GFFB1003B GFFB1003C GFFB1003D GFFB1003E GFFB1003F GFFB1003G GFFB1003S GFFB1003U GFFB1003V GFFB1003W GFFB1003X GFFB1003Y GFFB1003Z GFFB10040 GFFB10041 GFFB10042 GFFB10043 GFFB10044 GFFB10045 GFFB10046 GFFB10047 GFFB10048 GFFB10049 GFFB1004A GFFB1004B GFFB1004C GFFB1004D GFFB1004E GFFB1004F GFFB1004G GFFB1004H GFFB1004J GFFB1004K GFFB1004L GFFB1004M GFFB1004N GFFB1004P GFFB1004Q GFFB1004R GFFB1004S GFFB1004T GFFB1004U GFFB1004V GFFB1004W GFFB1004X GFFB1004Y GFFB1004Z GFFB10050 GFFB10051 GFFB10052 GFFB10053 GFFB10054 GFFB10055 GFFB10056 GFFB10057 GFFB10058 GFFB10059 GFFB1005A GFFB1005B GFFB1005C GFFB1005D GFFB1005E GFFB1005F GFFB1005G GFFB1005H GFFB1005J GFFB1005K GFFB1005L GFFB1005M GFFB1005N GFFB1005P GFFB1005Q GFFB1005R GFFB1005S GFFB1005T GFFB1005U GFFB1005V GFFB1005W GFFB1005X GFFB1005Y GFFB1005Z GFFB10060 GFFB10061 GFFB10062 GFFB10063 GFFB10064 GFFB10065 GFFB10066 GFFB10067 GFFB10068 GFFB10069 GFFB1006G GFFB1006H GFFB1006T GFFB1006V GFFB1006Z GFFB10075 GFFB10077 GFFB10078 GFFB1007K GFFB1007M GFFB1007N GFFB1008M GFFB1008N GFFB1008Z GFFB10090 GFFB10096 GFFB10097 GFFB10098 GFFB10099 GFFB1009A GFFB1009D GFFB1009F GFFB1009H GFFB1009P GFFB1009Q GFFB1009R GFFB1009S GFFB1009T GFFB1009U GFFB1009V GFFB1009X GFFB1009Y GFFB1009Z GFFB100A0 GFFB100A3 GFFB100A4 GFFB100A5 GFFB100A6 GFFB100A7 GFFB100A8 CC BY 4.0 We provide geochemical background data on the partitioning and cycling of elements between rock, saprolite, soil, plants, and river dissolved and solid loads from at three sites along a global transect of mountain landscapes that differ in erosion rates – an “erodosequence”. These sites are the Swiss Central Alps, a rapidly-eroding post-glacial mountain belt; the Southern Sierra Nevada, USA, eroding at moderate rates; and the slowly-eroding tropical Highlands of Sri Lanka.

The backbone of this analysis is an extensive data set of rock, saprolite, soil, water, and plant geochemical data. This set of elemental concentrations is converted into process rates by using regolith production and weathering rates from cosmogenic nuclides, and estimates of biomass growth. Combined, they allow us to derive elemental fluxes through regolith and vegetation. The main findings are: 1) the rates of weathering are set locally in regolith, and not by the rate at which entire landscapes erode; 2) the degree of weathering is mainly controlled by regolith thickness. This results in supply-limited weathering in Sri Lanka where weathering runs to completion, and kinetically-limited weathering in the Alps and Sierra Nevada where soluble primary minerals persist; 3) these weathering characteristics are reflected in the sites’ ecosystem processes, namely in that nutritive elements are intensely recycled in the supply-limited setting, and directly taken up from soil and rock in the kinetically settings; 4) contrary to common paradigms, the weathering rates are not controlled by biomass growth; 5) at all sites we find a deficit in river solute export when compared to solute production in regolith, the extent of which differs between elements but not between erosion rates. Plant uptake followed by litter erosion might explain this deficit for biologically utilized elements of high solubility, and rare, high-discharge flushing events for colloidal-bound elements of low solubility. Our data and the new metrics have begun to serve for calibrating metal isotope systems in the weathering zone, the isotope ratios of which depend on the flux partitioning between the compartments of the Critical Zone. We demonstrate this application in several isotope geochemical companion papers with associated datasets from the same samples.

All samples are assigned with International Geo Sample Numbers (IGSN), a globally unique and persistent Identifier for physical samples. The IGSNs are provided in the data tables and link to a comprehensive sample description in the internet.
Part 1: Tables included in this data publication

(All tables are included in 2021-001_vonBlanckenburg-et-al_ASS_Data_part-1.xlsx and additionally provided in tab delimited text version):

Table A1. Swiss Alps analyses of soil, saprolite, rock
Table A2. Swiss Alps analyses of water samples
Table A3. Swiss Alps analyses of plant samples from the Swiss Alps
Table SN1. Sierra Nevada analyses of soil, saprolite, rock
Table SN2. Sierra Nevada analyses of water samples
Table SN3. Sierra Nevada analyses of plant samples
Table SL1. Sri Lanka analyses of soil, saprolite, rock
Table SL2. Sri Lanka analyses of water samples. Element concentration analyses and pH
Table SL3. Sri Lanka analyses of plant samples
Table C1. Summary of principle ASS site characteristics
Table C2. Compilation of Denudation rates from river cosmogenic nuclides in river sediment and soil associated production rates
Table C3. Compilation of soil production rates, CDF, and chemical weathering rates of ASS sites
Table C4. Fractional contributions of endmembers from a inversion of dissolved elements in streams
Table C5. Flux Summary: Plant uptake rates, recycling ratios, and dissolved export efficiency
Table C6. Data quality control for plant concentration analyses

Part 2: Supplementary Data included in this data publication
(file: 2021-001_vonBlanckenburg-et-al_ASS_Data_part-2.pdf):

1. Sources of River Solutes from End Member Mixing Analysis (EMMA)
2. Reassessment of Dust Input in the Sierra Nevada
3. Rock and Regolith Mineralogical Composition from X_Ray Diffraction ((XRD)

Alps: central coordinate of the study area Sierra Nevada: central coordinate of the study area Sri Lanka: central coordinate of the study area Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 SPP EarthShape