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   <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.5880/icgem.2017.006</identifier>
   <creators>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Wu, Hu</creatorName>
         <givenName>Hu</givenName>
         <familyName>Wu</familyName>
         <affiliation>Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Müller, Jürgen</creatorName>
         <givenName>Jürgen</givenName>
         <familyName>Müller</familyName>
         <affiliation>Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName nameType="Personal">Brieden, Phillip</creatorName>
         <givenName>Phillip</givenName>
         <familyName>Brieden</familyName>
         <affiliation>Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover</affiliation>
      </creator>
   </creators>
   <titles>
      <title>The GOCE-only global gravity field model IfE_GOCE05s</title>
   </titles>
   <publisher>GFZ Data Services</publisher>
   <publicationYear>2017</publicationYear>
   <subjects>
      <subject>ICGEM</subject>
      <subject>global gravitational model</subject>
      <subject>GOCE</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; SOLID EARTH &gt; GEODETICS &gt; GEOID CHARACTERISTICS</subject>
      <subject subjectScheme="NASA/GCMD Earth Science Keywords">EARTH SCIENCE &gt; SOLID EARTH &gt; GRAVITY/GRAVITATIONAL FIELD &gt; GRAVITATIONAL FIELD</subject>
   </subjects>
   <contributors>
      <contributor contributorType="DataCurator">
         <contributorName nameType="Personal">Ince, Sinem</contributorName>
         <givenName>Sinem</givenName>
         <familyName>Ince</familyName>
         <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="" affiliationIdentifierScheme="">GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="DataManager">
         <contributorName nameType="Personal">Reißland, Sven</contributorName>
         <givenName>Sven</givenName>
         <familyName>Reißland</familyName>
         <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="" affiliationIdentifierScheme="">GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ContactPerson">
         <contributorName>Wu, Hu</contributorName>
         <affiliation>Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover</affiliation>
      </contributor>
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      <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="URL" relationType="Cites">https://dgk.badw.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Files/DGK/docs/c-777.pdf</relatedIdentifier>
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   <rightsList>
      <rights rightsURI="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</rights>
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   <descriptions>
      <description descriptionType="Abstract">IfE_GOCE05s is a GOCE-only global gravity field model, which was developed at the Institut für Erdmessung (IfE), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Germany. The observations with a time span from 1 November 2009 to 20 October 2013 are used for the model recovery. The GOCE precise kinematic orbit with 1-s sampling rate is processed for the gravity field up to degree/order 150, while the three main diagonal gravity gradients are down-sampled to 2 s and used to recover the model up to degree/order 250. With two additional Kaula’s regularizations, the combined model “IfE_GOCE05s” is derived, with a maximum degree of 250.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 To develop IfE_GOCE05s, the following GOCE data (01.11.2009 - 20.10.2013) was used:   <br/>
 * Orbits: SST_PKI_2, SST_IAQ_2;   <br/>
 * Gradients: EGG_GGT_2, EGG_IAQ_2.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 None any priori gravity field information was used.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
      </description>
      <description descriptionType="TechnicalInfo">   
         <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 Processing procedures:   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 Gravity from orbits (SST):   <br/>
 * Acceleration approach was applied to the kinematic orbit data;   <br/>
 * PKI data was at 1 s sampling rate;   <br/>
 * Model was derived up to d/o (degree/order) 150;   <br/>
 * VCM (Variance-Covariance Matrix) was derived arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 Gravity from gradients (SGG):   <br/>
 * Gradients Vxx, Vyy and Vzz in the GRF (Gradiometer Reference Frame) were used;   <br/>
 * Gradients were down-sampled to 2 s;   <br/>
 * Model was derived up to d/o 250;   <br/>
 * VCM was estimated arc-wisely from the post-fit residuals.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 Regularization:   <br/>
 * A strong Kaula-regularization was applied to constrain the (near-)zonal coefficients that are degraded by the polar gap problem;   <br/>
 * A slight Kaula-regularization was applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the coefficients between d/o 201 and 250;   <br/>
 * The regularization parameters were empirically determined.   <br/>
         <br/>
         <br/>
 Combined solution:   <br/>
 * The normal equations for SST and SGG were summed wih proper weighting factors;   <br/>
 * Weighting factors for SST and SGG were determined from variance component estimation;   <br/>
 * A direct inversion was applied on the final normal equation.   <br/>
      </description>
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